See also:
		 
			
				
					All hypertension clinical trials
				
			
		
			
			All clinical trials of strategy 
			
		
		
			
			All clinical trials of more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie 
			
		
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	Treatments
	
	
		| Studied treatment | 
		
		arterial pressure goal of 92 mm Hg or lower
		 
		
		
		 | 
	 
	
		| Control treatment | 
		
		usual mean arterial pressure goal of 102 to 107 mm Hg/pj
		 
		
		
		 | 
	 
		
			| Remarks | 
			3 x 2 factorial trial: 2 mean arterial pressure goals and initial treatment with a beta-blocker, an ACE inhibitor or a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker | 
		 
			| Treatments description  | 
				
				
						
						| Achieved systolic blood | 
						128/141  | 
						 
						
						| Achieved diastolic blood pressure | 
						78/85  | 
						 
				 	
				 | 
			 
	 
	
	
	
	Patients
	
		
			| Patients | 
			African-Americans,with diastolic blood pressure higher than 94mmHg and a glomerular filtration rate between 20 and 65 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 
		 
		
			| Inclusion criteria | 
			diastolic blood pressure higher than 94mmHg; 
age between 18 to 70 years; glomerular filtration rate between 20 and 65 ml/min per 1.73 m2; no other identified
cause of renal disease | 
		 
		
			| Exclusion criteria | 
			diastolic blod pressure of less than 95 mmHg, known history of
diabetes mellitus, urinary protein to creatinine ratio of more than 2.5, accelerated or malignant hypertension within
6 months, secondary hypertension, evidence of non-BP-related causes of chronic kidney disease, serious systemic
disease, clinical congestive heart failure, or specific indication for or contraindication to a study drug | 
		 
				| Baseline characteristics | 
					
					
						
							| Number of antihypertensive drugs | 
							3.04/2.39  | 
						 
					 						
					 | 
				 
	 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Method and design
	
	
		| Randomized effectives | 
		540 / 554 (studied vs. control) | 
	 
		
			| Design | 
			Parallel groups | 
		 
		
			| Blinding | 
			open | 
		 
		
			| Follow-up duration | 
			(range 3-6.4y) | 
		 
		
			| Number of centre | 
			21 | 
		 
		
			| Geographic area | 
			USA | 
		 
	
	 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
  
	Results	
	
	
	
		
	
	
		
			Endpoint
		
	
	
		
		Studied treat. n/N
			
	
	
		
		Control treat. n/N
		
	
	
		
			Graph
		
	
	
		
			RR [95% CI]
		
	
	
		
			
				
				Cardiovascular death
				 
			
		
			
				
				15 / 540 
				
			
			
				
				16 / 554 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					0,96 [0,48;1,93]
				
			
	
	
		
			
				
				Major cardiovascular events 
				 
			
		
			
				
				51 / 540 
				
			
			
				
				60 / 554 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					0,87 [0,61;1,24]
				
			
	
	
		
			
				
				All cause death
				 
			
		
			
				
				37 / 540 
				
			
			
				
				43 / 554 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					0,88 [0,58;1,35]
				
			
	
	
		
			
				
				non cardiovascular death 
				 
			
		
			
				
				23 / 540 
				
			
			
				
				27 / 554 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					0,87 [0,51;1,50]
				
			
	
	
		
			
				
				End stage renal disease
				 
			
		
			
				
				81 / 540 
				
			
			
				
				90 / 554 
				
			
		
			
				
					
					
					
					
				
			
				
				
			
			
		
			
				
					0,92 [0,70;1,22]
				
			
	
	
		
		
		
		
		
			
				0
			
		
		
		
		
		
				2
		
		
		
		
		
			1.0
		
	
  
 
	 
		
	
		
		
				
					| 
						Relative risks
					 | 
				 
			
			| Endpoint | 
			Events (%) | 
			Relative Risk | 
			95% CI | 
			Endpoint definition in the trial | 
			Ref | 
			 
			
			| Studied treat. | 
			Control treat. | 
			 
					
						| 
							Cardiovascular death
						 | 
						15 / 540 (2,8%) | 
						16 / 554 (2,9%) | 
						0,96 | 
						[0,48;1,93] | 
						  | 
						11040  | 
					 
					
					
					
						| 
							Major cardiovascular events 
						 | 
						51 / 540 (9,4%) | 
						60 / 554 (10,8%) | 
						0,87 | 
						[0,61;1,24] | 
						  | 
						11040  | 
					 
					
					
						| 
							All cause death
						 | 
						37 / 540 (6,9%) | 
						43 / 554 (7,8%) | 
						0,88 | 
						[0,58;1,35] | 
						  | 
						11040  | 
					 
					
						| 
							non cardiovascular death 
						 | 
						23 / 540 (4,3%) | 
						27 / 554 (4,9%) | 
						0,87 | 
						[0,51;1,50] | 
						  | 
						11040  | 
					 
					
					
					
						| 
							End stage renal disease
						 | 
						81 / 540 (15,0%) | 
						90 / 554 (16,2%) | 
						0,92 | 
						[0,70;1,22] | 
						  | 
						11040  | 
					 
		
			| 
			The primary endpoint (if exists) appears in blod characters
			 | 
		 
		
			| 
			Reference(s) used for data extraction: 
				
					11040: Arguedas JA, Perez MI, Wright JMTreatment blood pressure targets for hypertension.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;:CD004349
				
			 | 
		 
		 
		
		
			
			| Endpoint | 
			studied treat. | 
			control treat. | 
			mean diff | 
			 
		 
	 
	
	
	
				
					| 
						Absolute risk reduction 
					 | 
				 
	
		| Endpoint | 
		Events rate | 
		Absolute risk reduction (ARR) | 
	 
	
		| Studied treat. | 
		Control treat. | 
	 
			
				| Cardiovascular death | 
				2,78% | 
				2,89% | 
				
					-1,1‰
				 | 
			 
			
				| Major cardiovascular events  | 
				9,44% | 
				10,83% | 
				
					-13,9‰
				 | 
			 
			
				| All cause death | 
				6,85% | 
				7,76% | 
				
					-9,1‰
				 | 
			 
			
				| non cardiovascular death  | 
				4,26% | 
				4,87% | 
				
					-6,1‰
				 | 
			 
			
				| End stage renal disease | 
				15,00% | 
				16,25% | 
				
					-12,5‰
				 | 
			 
	 	
	 
	
  
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
		 
		Reference(s)
	
	
	
			- 
				
			    Wright JT Jr, Bakris G, Greene T, Agodoa LY, Appel LJ, Charleston J, Cheek D, Douglas-Baltimore JG, Gassman J, Glassock R, Hebert L, Jamerson K, Lewis J, Phillips RA, Toto RD, Middleton JP, Rostand SG. 
			    Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial..
			    JAMA 2002;288:2421-31
 
				
					 
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