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		Related trials
		 
				 ACCOMPLISH (diabetic subgroup), 2010 - benazepril + amlodipine  vs benazepril + hydrochlorothiazide 
				 ACCORD blood pressure, 2010 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie 
				 AVOID, 2008 - aliskiren  vs placebo 
				 ABCD (N), 2002 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie 
				 ALLHAT (lisi vs chlor, diabetic subgroup), 2002 - lisinopril  vs chlorthalidone 
				 LIFE (diabetic subgroup), 2002 - losartan  vs atenolol 
				 ALLHAT (amlodipine vs chlor, diabetic subgroup), 2002 - amlodipine  vs chlorthalidone 
				 IPDM, 2001 - irbesartan  vs placebo 
				 IDNT amlodipine, 2001 - amlodipine  vs placebo 
				 RENAAL, 2001 - losartan  vs placebo 
				 IDNT irbesartan, 2001 - Irbesartan  vs placebo 
				 IDNT (irbesartan vs amlodipine), 2001 - Irbesartan  vs amlodipine 
				 STOP-2  CCB (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - calcium-channel blocker  vs diuretic or beta-blocker 
				 INSIGHT (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - Nifedipine  vs coamilozide 
				 ABCD (H), 2000 - more intensive blood pressure lowering strategie  vs less intensive blood pressure lowering strategie 
				 NORDIL (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - Diltiazem  vs diuretic or beta-blocker 
				 STOP-2 (ACEI vs CCB) (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs CCB 
				 HOPE (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs placebo 
				 STOP-2 ACEI (diabetic subgroup), 2000 - ACE inhibitor  vs diuretic or beta-blocker 
				 CAPP (diabetic subgroup), 1999 - captopril  vs diuretic or beta-blocker 
				 Syst-Eur (diabetic subgroup), 1999 - nitrendipine  vs placebo 
				 ABCD, 1998 - nisoldipine  vs enalapril 
				 UKPDS 38, 1998 - captopril or atenolol  vs control 
				 UKPDS 39, 1998 - captopril  vs atenolol 
				 FACET, 1997 - amlodipine  vs fosinopril 
 
 
		See also:
		All diabetes clinical trials
				
			
			
				
					All hypertension clinical trials
				
			
		
			
			All clinical trials of anti hypertensive agent 
			
		
		
			
			All clinical trials of amlodipine |  | Treatments
	
		| Studied treatment | Amlodipine 10 mg daily 
 |  
		| Control treatment | placebo 
 |  Patients
		
			| Patients | hypertensive patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes |  
			| Inclusion criteria | age between 30 and 70 years; documented diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension (systolic blood pressure of more than 135 mm Hg while sitting, diastolic blood pressure of more than 85 mm Hg while sitting, or documented treatment with antihypertensive agents); proteinuria, with urinary protein excretion of at least 900 mg per 24 hours.  Serum creatinine concentration between 1.0 and 3.0 mg per deciliter (88 and 265 ìmol per liter) in women and 1.2 and 3.0 mg per deciliter (106 and 265 ìmol per liter) in men |  | Baseline characteristics | 
						
							| Glycosylated hemoglobin | 8.2% |  
							| BP (systolic/diastolic) | 158/87 |  
							| Female (%) | 31% |  
							| Age | 59 y |  
							| subgroup | no |  
							| hypertension (%) | 100% |  |  Method and design
	
		| Randomized effectives | 567 / 569 (studied vs. control) |  
			| Design | Parallel groups |  
			| Blinding | double-blind |  
			| Follow-up duration | 2.6 years |  
			| Number of centre | 210 |  
			| Geographic area | Worldwide |  
			| Hypothesis | Superiority |  
			| Primary endpoint | renal death |  
 
 Results
	
		
	
	
		
			Endpoint
		
	
	
		
		Studied treat.n/N
			
	
	
		
		Control treat.
 n/N
		
	
	
		
			Graph
		
	
	
		
			RR [95% CI]
 
				renal death 
				233 / 567 222 / 569
 1,05 [0,91;1,21]
 
				cardiovascular event (fatal and non fatal) 
				NA / 567 NA / 569
 0,88 [0,69;1,12]
 
				All cause death
				83 / 567 93 / 569
 0,90 [0,68;1,18]
 
				microvascular events 
				NA / 567 NA / 569
 1,04 [0,86;1,25]
				
			
	
	
		
		
		
		
		
			
				0
			
		
		
		
		
		
				2
		
		
		
		
		
			1.0
 
		
		
				
					| Relative risks |  
			| Endpoint | Events (%) | Relative Risk | 95% CI | Endpoint definition in the trial
 | Ref |  
			| Studied treat. | Control treat. |  
						| renal death | 233 / 567 (41,1%) | 222 / 569 (39,0%) | 1,05 | [0,91;1,21] |  | 12498 |  
						| All cause death | 83 / 567 (14,6%) | 93 / 569 (16,3%) | 0,90 | [0,68;1,18] |  | 12498 |  
			| The primary endpoint (if exists) appears in blod characters |  
			| Reference(s) used for data extraction: 
				
					12498: Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, Ritz E, Atkins RC, Rohde R, Raz IRenoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes.N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60 |  
			
			| Endpoint | studied treat. | control treat. | mean diff |  
	
	
				
					| Absolute risk reduction |  
		| Endpoint | Events rate | Absolute risk reduction (ARR)
 |  
		| Studied treat. | Control treat. |  
				| renal death | 41,09% | 39,02% | 2,1% |  
				| All cause death | 14,64% | 16,34% | -17,1‰ |  Meta-analysis of all similar trials: 
				
					anti hypertensive agent in diabetes for type1 and 2 diabetic patients with hypertension
				
			 
				
					anti hypertensive agent in hypertension for diabetic patients 
				
			 
 
 
		 Reference(s)
			
				
			    Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, Ritz E, Atkins RC, Rohde R, Raz I. 
			    Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes..
			    N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60
			    
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